In the modern industrial system, platinum catalysts are no longer niche materials in laboratories, but key functional materials that support the operation of multiple core fields such as energy, chemical engineering, and environmental protection. From the core components of automobile exhaust purification devices, to the core layer that determines energy conversion efficiency inside hydrogen fuel cells, and to the reaction core that improves oil quality in the petroleum refining process, the presence of platinum catalysts almost runs through the entire green transformation process of modern industry.

The unique electronic structure of platinum metal itself endows this type of material with inherent catalytic advantages. It can accurately adsorb and activate reactant molecules under mild reaction conditions, significantly reducing the activation energy of chemical reactions, allowing processes that originally required high temperature and high pressure to be carried out to be stably completed at lower energy consumption. Traditional platinum catalysts are mostly loaded in the form of nanoparticles on porous carriers, exposing more active sites by increasing the specific surface area. However, in early products, a large number of platinum atoms were encapsulated inside the particles and could not participate in the reaction. The atomic utilization rate of precious metals remained at a low level for a long time, which also pushed up the operating costs of related industrial processes to a certain extent.

With the continuous breakthroughs in material technology, the technological roadmap of platinum catalysts is undergoing profound changes. The new generation of low platinum or even ultra-low platinum catalysts, through nanoscale regulation, alloying modification, and strong metal carrier interaction design, have reduced the amount of platinum used per unit reaction system by tens of times without almost losing catalytic performance. For example, by forming an ordered alloy structure of platinum with metals such as cobalt and nickel, and utilizing the lattice strain effect to optimize the electron distribution on the platinum surface, the adsorption strength of platinum atoms on reaction intermediates is precisely in the optimal range, which ensures the efficiency of reaction promotion and avoids the problem of occupying active sites caused by difficult desorption of products.

This type of new alloy catalyst has achieved large-scale production. In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell scenario, the platinum loading on the membrane electrode has decreased by one-third compared to traditional products, and the performance degradation rate after long-term cycling is much lower than the industry standard.

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