The combustion of polymers is a highly intense and complex thermal oxidation reaction, characterized by the emission of thick smoke or intense flames. The general process of combustion is that under the continuous heating of an external heat source, the polymer first undergoes a chain reaction of free radical degradation with oxygen in the air, producing volatile combustibles. When the substance reaches a certain concentration and temperature, it will ignite and burn. Part of the heat released by the combustion is supplied to the polymer being degraded, further intensifying its degradation and producing more combustible gases. The flame will quickly spread and cause a large fire in a short period of time.
Flame retardants are additives that can prevent plastic from igniting or suppress flame propagation. According to its usage method, it can be divided into two categories: additive type and reactive type. According to their chemical structure, flame retardants can be divided into two categories: inorganic and organic.
The research on using silicone compounds as flame retardants began in the early 1980s. In 1981, Kamber et al. published a research report on the improvement of flame retardancy by blending polycarbonate with polydimethylsiloxane. Although the research and development of organic silicon flame retardants lags behind halogen and phosphorus flame retardants, organic silicon flame retardants, as a new type of halogen-free flame retardant, have unique characteristics due to their excellent flame retardancy, processability, and environmental friendliness. Silicone flame retardants include silicone oil, silicone resin, polysiloxane with functional groups, polycarbonate siloxane copolymer acrylate siloxane composite materials and silicon gel. Polymer materials that are flame retardant with silicone compounds tend to migrate to the surface of the material, forming a polymer gradient material with a surface enriched with silicone.
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