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Application of elastic rubber buffer in rail transit vehicles

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Buffer is one of the important components of rail transit vehicles. Its function is to alleviate the longitudinal impulse and vibration caused by the change of locomotive traction force or the collision of vehicles during starting, braking and shunting operations. It directly affects the main technical and economic indicators related to railway transport efficiency, such as the total traction weight, running speed, total weight of vehicles, marshalling efficiency, etc. The performance of the buffer directly affects the driving safety and passenger comfort

At present, the typical buffers include grease-lubricated ring-spring friction buffers and hydraulic buffers, but they have the disadvantages of poor low-temperature performance and anti-aging performance, short service life, complex manufacturing and maintenance process, high cost, heavy weight, high manufacturing and processing accuracy requirements, so they are difficult to be widely promoted.

The buffers of passenger cars are basically of ring spring structure with grease lubrication. The buffers of ring spring structure cannot meet the performance requirements of speed-raising passenger cars, mainly in the following aspects:

① The initial pressure is too large, and the initial pressure can reach more than 100KN;
② It is just too large. In the passenger train with 20-car formation, few buffers play a buffering role, and the energy available for the buffer is very small;
③ The absorption rate is small. The drop weight test shows that the absorption rate of No. G1 buffer is small, which is easy to cause continuous longitudinal impulse of the train;
④ The maintenance period is short. Because the G1 buffer is lubricated with grease, the validity period of grease is short, and the failure of grease may cause the problems of snap ring, ring injury and ring breakage, which must be repaired regularly.

Brief introduction of elastic mortar buffer

The buffer medium used in the research of elastic rubber buffer is elastic rubber material, which is a kind of high viscosity, compressible, flowable, unvulcanized organic silicon compound. It has high stability in the range of - 80~+250 ℃, and is odorless, non-toxic, and non-polluting to the environment and personnel. It has two states, solid and liquid, and is an ideal buffer medium material for coupler buffers. Under the condition of no recovery spring, the recovery return of the buffer can be realized by using its high elasticity characteristics; Use its compressibility to realize the compression stroke of the buffer; With its good liquidity, the buffer can achieve large capacity and low impedance. The flow viscosity of this material can be adjusted according to the actual use needs, which can make its kinematic viscosity dozens or even hundreds of times larger than ordinary hydraulic oil. This simplifies the problem of difficult sealing of hydraulic buffer. If this material can solve the production process problem, its cost will not be higher than 60 dollars/kg, and the amount of elastic cement used for one elastic cement buffer will not exceed 3 kg under the condition of 15 kJ capacity, so the price of elastic cement material can meet the market requirements for the promotion of elastic cement buffer.

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